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Authors
Li, Lingling
Xiao, Lanlan
Yuan, Xu
Wu, Jie
Li, Jinxiao
Chen, Xiuping
Zhai, Xiaohui
Wang, Bei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Naval Medical University's Deep Blue Nursing Research Project – Peak Talent Program (2022KYD11)
Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (20234Y0059)
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Article History
Received: 3 May 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University. All participants voluntarily agreed to participate and provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
