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Authors
Lehloa, Amohelang J.
Kalk, Emma
Davies, Mary-Ann
Nyemba, Dorothy
Mehta, Ushma
Malaba, Thokozile
Petro, Gregory
Boulle, Andrew
Myer, Landon
Madlala, Hlengiwe P.
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 19 August 2025
First Online: 2 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study followed the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by relevant ethical bodies. The current study analysed data from a parent study titled B Positive. Since the study is a secondary research analysis, there was no requirement for obtaining informed consent, as participants had already consented that their information could be used for research and academic purposes. The University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee had approved the parent study (HREC 541/2015) as well as the Western Cape Department of Health (REFWC_2016RP6_286). This current study sought ethical clearance from the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 345/2022). All participants provided written informed consent prior to study participation.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
