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Article History

Received: 29 May 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 2 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University. Separtate approvals were obtained for each phase of the study. The needs assessment, which included in-depth individual interviews with single mothers, was approved under IRB No. 2406/002–005. The development phase, which involved expert validation of the program, was approved under IRB No. 2412/003–015. All participants were fully informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, and written informed consent was obtained prior to their participation. Confidentiality was ensured using coded identifiers, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.