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Authors
Ihantamalala, Felana A.
Randriamihaja, Mauricianot
Miller, Ann C.
Rakotonanahary, Rado J. L.
Raza-Fanomezanjanahary, Mbolatiana
Kotchofa, Jacques Aubin
Randriamanambintsoa, Marius
Ramarson, Haja
Razafinjato, Benedicte
Rasoanandrasana, Vololoniaina
Bonds, Matthew
Finnegan, Karen E.
Garchitorena, Andres
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Internal funding from NGO Pivot
Herrnstein Family Foundation
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2023
Accepted: 27 August 2025
First Online: 1 October 2025
Declarations
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: We obtained informed consent from all participants consented to the collection of their data. This study was approved by Madagascar National Ethics Committee (062-MSANP/CE and 041-MSANP/CERBM) and The Harvard Medical School Institutional Review Board.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
