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Authors
Kebede, Tirusew Nigussie
Azanaw, Getnet
Mihret, Muhabaw Shumye
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Article History
Received: 2 July 2023
Accepted: 5 September 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Review Board of the School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar (Ref. No. Mid/W.H/…03/2015). Formal permission to conduct the study was also obtained from the administrators of Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Written and oral informed consent was obtained from each participant after explaining the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, potential risks and benefits, and their rights as participants. To ensure confidentiality, personal identifiers such as names, addresses, and signatures were not included in the data collection instruments. All participants were assured that their information would be kept strictly confidential and used solely for research purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
