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Authors
Li, Yuting
Yuan, Cairu
Ran, Xuerong
Zhou, Lili
Zhai, Jinguo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2025A1515011703)
Guangdong Provincial Department of Education (2023ANLK_018)
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Dongguan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital [Approval No. 2024(168)] on January 3, 2025. This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. All data collected by the research institute has been approved by the mothers themselves.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
