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Authors
Liu, Yanan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-6735
Shan, Haixia https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3388-0281
Chen, Yan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6829-8275
Zhuang, Yuan https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9919-2766
Zhou, Jingxin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1217-8450
Wang, Liwei https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4309-6844
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Project of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (xhhlcx2023-013)
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Science and Technology fund project (Jyhz2205)
Shanghai Nursing Association fund project (2024SD-B01)
High-levellocaluniversity constructiorproject founded byShanghai MunicipalEducation Commission
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Committee of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (No. XHEC-D-2023-014).
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
