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Authors
Li, Hanbing
Xiang, Zhixuan
Li, Hui
Xie, Chenxi
Li, Zeng
Liang, Yingni
Gao, Lingling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0159-4344
Li, Zhongyu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-3997
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 72174216)
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Article History
Received: 16 October 2024
Accepted: 21 September 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Sun Yat-sen University School of Nursing (Grant No. L2022SYSU-HL-016) according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsiki. This was a retrospective study. The reported data were anonymized, and the requirement for informed consent was therefore waived.
: Not applicable.
