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Authors
Kikuchi, Sayo
Himeno, Toshiko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
JSPS KAKENHI (JP24K13972)
Encouragement Research Fund of Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing (22-2)
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Article History
Received: 2 March 2025
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing (Approval No. 23 − 014). We obtained written informed consent from each participant.
: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any person’s identifiable data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
