Fu, Xiaochun
Chen, Ling
Chen, Xiaoli
Cao, Jiali
Yu, Hanbing
Ye, Huiming
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2024J011343)
Medical and Health Guidance Project of Xiamen (3502Z20209204)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82102379)
Major Science and Technology Project of the Fujian Provincial Health Commission (2021ZD01006)
Article History
Received: 28 February 2024
Accepted: 23 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This study adhered to the Helsinki Declaration (2013 revision) and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital (KY-2023-074-H01). The Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent for this retrospective study. All methods were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.