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Authors
Siddiqi, Danya Arif
Muneer, Muhammad Zia
Iftikhar, Sundus
Shah, Mubarak Taighoon
Dharma, Vijay Kumar
Miraj, Fatima
Mehmood, Mariam
Sodhar, Irshad Ali
Malik, Farrukh Raza
Chandir, Subhash
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Investment ID INV-006273)
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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Interactive Research and Development (IRB-IRD) (study reference number: IRD_IRB_2020_08_006) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The field workers explained the purpose of this research in detail to participants and informed them of its potential benefits and risks. Field workers also explained that participation is voluntary, and participating women were allowed to refuse to answer any questions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The content of the consent form was pitched in a local language by the field workers to allow informed decision-making at the respondent’s end. Participant privacy and data confidentiality were maintained throughout the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
