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Authors
Jena, Belayneh Hamdela
Gemecho, Tsedeke Lambore
Turuse, Ermias Abera
Kebede, Biruk Assefa
Adem, Zehara Ahmed
Melaku, Lamesginew Mossie
Gelaye, Kassahun Alemu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nestle Foundation for the study of problems of nutrition in the world, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2024
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki’s ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Wachemo University with a reference number of WCU.RE.Dev.Di/948/2023. An official letter was obtained from Wachemo University and given to relevant local authorities (zonal and district offices) to inform them about the research and obtain their permission. A written informed consent will be obtained from participants after detailed information is provided by data collectors and intervention implementer to them about the nature of the research, purpose of the study, participation on a voluntary basis, benefit, risk of participation, their right to participate, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time if they feel uncomfortable. These details will be attached to the cover page together with the questionnaire to obtain written consent by signature or finger print. Privacy and confidentiality will be ensured at every stage of the intervention and later during the analysis and reporting. Anonymity will be maintained by removing personal identifiers such as names and villages; instead, codes will be used. In situations where mothers and newborns experience any problems, they will be referred to a nearby health facility for proper medical care. The Midwives and pediatrician involved in this trial will support them before referrals. Additionally, need-based counseling will be provided to support participants in cases of problems. The authors will not have access to information that could identify individual participants during or after data collection, except analyzing and interpreting aggregated participant information. All participants’ data will be kept with the principal investigator confidentially. All methods will be carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
