Denu, Zewditu
Alemu, Kassahun
Berhanu, Della
Defar, Atkure
Getachew, Theodros
Schellenberg, Joanna
Marchant, Tanya
Shiferaw, Solomon
Tariku, Amare
Guadu, Tadesse
Taye, Girum
Zelalem, Meseret
Persson, Lars Ake
Lemma, Seblewengel
Article History
Received: 25 May 2024
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This paper presents findings from a secondary analysis of data collected as part of the PMA Ethiopia project. The original research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Board at Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences (Ref: AAUMF 01–008), as well as the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health (FWA00000287). Informed consent was obtained from all women to participate in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.