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Authors
Luthuli, Silondile
Horwood, Christiane
Filippi, Veronique
Haskins, Lyn
Mapumulo, Sphindile
Doherty, Tanya
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Medical Research Council (MR/V020951/1)
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Article History
Received: 28 January 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical Clearance was obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee – protocol reference number BREC/00004364/2022, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (United Kingdom), and from the Health Research and Knowledge Management Directorate of the Department of Health, KwaZulu-Natal. Permission was granted from the provincial and district health departments before data collection. The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All women provided informed consent to participate in the study. To ensure anonymity, participants and hospitals were allocated numbers to report study findings.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
