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Authors
Chen, Yi
Zhang, Haiyan
Zhou, Wenzheng
Ren, Chao
Chen, Qing
Cao, Jia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chongqing Research Center for Prevention & Control of Maternal and Child Diseases and Public Health
National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFC2702902)
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2023
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital (LS(K)020 − 04) and was carried out in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all the women participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
