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Authors
Çiçek, Özlem https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-3456
Aypar Akbağ, Nuran Nur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-2896
Durmazoğlu, Gamze https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-6030
Öztürk, Çiğdem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5697-1952
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Article History
Received: 24 June 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: Approval of by the Ethics Committee of Non-Interventional Research Evaluation Commission at İzmir Bakırçay University (23.11.2022/E-93802310-050.01.04-2200037029) was obtained. Written and verbal consent was obtained from the pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
