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Authors
Tabayashi, Marie
Sato, Tomoharu
Kawahara, Tae
Yamazaki, Akemi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Fumiko Yamaji Professional Nursing Education and Research Grant Fund (079-27-11)
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2024
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of The University of Osaka Hospital and the Ethics Review Committee of Yodogawa Christian Hospital of South Presbyterian Mission in Japan (approval Nos.: 22383 and 2022-062). Written informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from all participants before the study began.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
