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Authors
Millard, Gabriella
Pennington, Alice
McMullan, Christel
Markus, Ruthie
Mkandawire, Grace
van Goor, Miriam
de Wildt, Gilles
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Birmingham
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval: granted by the College of Medicine Malawi Research and Ethics Committee (approval number: P.11/21/3458) and The University of Birmingham Internal Research and Ethics Committee (reference number: IREC2020/Student1878440).Permission to collect data was gained from the Blantyre District Health Management Team.All participants gave informed consent to participate.
: Not applicable, participants are non-identifiable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
