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Authors
Li, Qing
Zhang, Min
Ma, Shuiying
Dong, Xiuli
Liu, Hui
Wang, Dongsha
Song, Yang
Li, Mei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2020QH046, ZR2022JQ33)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2703000)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171842)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-5-001)
National Special Support Program for High-level Talents, and Taishan Scholars Program for Young Experts of Shandong Province (tsqn201909195)
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Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the “Ethical Review Measures for Biomedical Research Involving Humans,” and other relevant laws and regulations. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Reproductive Medicine at the Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.
: All participants provided written consent for the publication of anonymized data and findings from this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
