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Authors
Huang, Cheng
Bao, Yang
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2025
Accepted: 21 October 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Declarations
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: This research utilized only de-identified, publicly available NHANES data and did not involve any new human subject recruitment. NHANES protocols were reviewed and approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board. All original participants provided written informed consent at the time of data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
