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Authors
Liu, Yushan
Zhou, Dan
Yang, Yang
Yang, Pan
Song, Shuhao
Zeng, Shi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (81871372)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2023JJ30743)
Natural Science Foundation of Changsha (kq2208341)
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Article History
Received: 14 June 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This prospective study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was formally approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University [(2018) Review No. 070]. All potential participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. It was explicitly communicated that they had the right to unconditionally withdraw from the study at any stage without compromising their standard medical care. After fully comprehending this information, all enrolled pregnant women provided written informed consent.The consent was obtained from all of the participants was informed.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
