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Authors
Metwally, Tayseer https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-2981
Orma, Mariam https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4177-208X
Elbostany, Nada https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3010-3515
Ali, Yahia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-3001
Abu Bakr Elsaid, Noha M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-3242
Aly, Hebatalla https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-6480
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Suez University
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 25 October 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, (approval number: SUEZ – MED IRB 51, date 9–1-2025.The relevant authorities were contacted to obtain permission to conduct the study at the Mansoura University Hospital Antenatal Care outpatient clinics.Before data collection all participants provided their written informed consent. The possibility for participants to leave the study at any time was granted. All data was confidential to the researcher and was published anonymously.
: All authors have read and agreed to the manuscript and publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
