Davies, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0743-6547
Howell, Amy
O’Reilly, Sharleen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-6634
Teede, Helena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7609-577X
Harrison, Cheryce https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-4946
Clayton, Gemma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-2758
McAuliffe, Fionnuala M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3477-6494
Geraghty, Aisling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-7630
Williams, Charlotte https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9932-9144
Burden, Christy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-5238
Funding for this research was provided by:
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (847984)
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (847984)
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (847984)
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council (847984)
National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1194234)
National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (APP1194234)
Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00032/5)
British Heart Foundation (AA/18/1/34219)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was granted ethical approval by the University of Bristol Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (ref: 111987), and aligns with the Declaration of Helsinki policy statement regarding medical research involving human participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.