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Authors
Ryan, Rebecca
Mussa, Aamirah
Babalola, Chibuzor M.
Hansman, Emily
Simon, Selebaleng
Bame, Bame
Ndlovu, Neo
Tamuthiba, Lefhela
Klausner, Jeffrey D.
Morroni, Chelsea
Wynn, Adriane
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fogarty International Center
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21 HD100821-01)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21 HD100821-01)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21 HD100821-01)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2023
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The Maduo study was approved by the Botswana Health Research Development Committee (HRDC #00881) and a reliance agreement was approved by the University of Southern California and University of California, San Diego Institutional Review Boards. All participants provided informed written consent to participate.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
