Yu, Ruei-Siang
To, Sheng-Yin
Chiang, Yi-Lin
Huang, Yu-Chieh
Pan, Ke-Ting
Yang, Hui-Wen
Chen, Liang-Hsuan
Kao, Li-Ting
Hsieh, Ming-Fa
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital (HAFGH_E_114014)
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-E-111272)
National Defense-Medical Affairs Bureau (MND-MAB-C07-112028)
Article History
Received: 20 May 2024
Accepted: 30 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Taiwan Tri-Services General Hospital (TSGHIRB C202105085). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Taiwan Tri-Services General Hospital because all data were anonymized and de-identified.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.