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Authors
Arabzadeh, Hoda
Salehi, Amir Mohammad
Jenabi, Ensiyeh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vice Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences (140407226685)
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 7 December 2025
Declarations
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: The Ethics Committee of the Hamadan University of Medical Sciences approved the protocol of this study (IR.UMSHA.REC.1404.633). This umbrella review analyzed data extracted exclusively from previously published research. No new human participants were recruited, and no identifiable or sensitive personal data were collected. Consequently, informed consent was not applicable, and the requirement for informed consent was waived as it was unnecessary for secondary data analyses. The conduct of this review adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
