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Variation in caesarean section rates according to the Robson classification in four low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis of groups 1 to 4

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-08586-w

Published Online: 2025-12-28

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Ravit, Marion

Etcheverry, Camille

Kabore, Charles

Lumbiganon, Pisake

Carroli, Guillermo

Mac Qoc Nhu, Hung

Betrán, Ana Pilar

Gialdini, Celina

Robson, Mike

Dumont, Alexandre
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-28

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-30
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Article History

Received: 12 February 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 28 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance for the study was obtained from the local and institutional review boards from the Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales of Rosario, Argentina (Record Notice No. 1/20), Pham Ngoc Thach University of Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam, Khon Kaen University in Thailand, the Ethics Committee for Health Research of Burkina Faso (Decision No. 2020–3-038), the Research Project Review Panel (RP2) in the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (WHO study No. A66006), and the French Research Institute for Sustainable Development (coordinator of QUALI-DEC project).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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