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Authors
Princk, Christina
Wentzell, Nadine
Onken, Marlies
Thöne, Kathrin
Kollhorst, Bianca
Schaefer, Christof
Dathe, Katarina
Haug, Ulrike
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie – BIPS GmbH
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Article History
Received: 19 September 2024
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: In Germany, the utilization of health insurance data for scientific research is regulated by the Code of Social Law. All involved health insurance providers as well as the German Federal Office for Social Security and the Senator for Health, Women and Consumer Protection in Bremen as their responsible authorities approved the use of GePaRD data for this study. Informed consent for studies based on claims data is required by law unless obtaining consent appears unacceptable and would bias results, which was the case in this study. According to the Ethics Committee of the University of Bremen studies based on GePaRD are exempt from institutional review board review.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
