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Authors
Pham, Amelie
Osmundson, Sarah S.
Pedowitz, Alex
Wickersham, Nancy
Sorabella, Laura L.
Bruehl, Stephen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
National Institute on Drug Abuse (5K23DA047476)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA050334)
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2023
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 30 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center (IRB # 202562, approval date 4/8/2021) committee’s Institutional Review Board and informed consent was obtained from every participant. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: No individual person’s data of any form (including any individual details, images, or videos) was included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
