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Article History

Received: 11 October 2025

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 20 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Medical Ethics Committee of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. The committee waived the requirement for written informed consent from the participants due to the retrospective nature of the study, which involved the analysis of de-identified data from electronic medical records.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including any individual details, images, or videos).

: The authors declare no competing interests.