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Article History

Received: 29 July 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical backing was obtained from the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee with approval number GHS-ERC829/07/24. The appropriate permission was obtained from the administration of the Nandom St Theresa’s Hospital. The appropriate informed consent was obtained from pregnant mothers. Participation in the study was voluntary and participants had the right to withdraw from the study where they deemed necessary. Confidentiality and anonymity were highly guaranteed. The assignment of names or numbers to surveys was prohibited. Any participant who chose not to partake was given the option to withdraw in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.