Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 April 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical permission was obtained from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (approval reference No. 2021 − 00743, 2022-07005-02, and 2024-00494-02). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data were extracted from two quality registers. Informed consent for the use of this data in research was obtained from participants upon their initial registration at the midwifery clinic, or upon the newborn’s admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.