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Authors
Su, Ping-ping
Su, Xiu-juan
Huang, Yi-ying
Li, Wen-jiao https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0681-5567
Ying, Hao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171684)
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Article History
Received: 12 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (KS23245). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the committee because of the retrospective nature of this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
