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Authors
Brennan-Tovey, Kerry https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-6230
Sarma, Kausiki
Lima, Dafni
Ayorinde, Abimbola
Brown, Heather
Esan, Oluwaseun B
Gardiner, David
Kipping, Ruth
Heslehurst, Nicola
Aquino, Maria Raisa Jessica
Rankin, Judith
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, School for Public Health Research (NIHR 204000)
National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration North East North Cumbria
National Institute for Health and Care Research, Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands (NIHR 200165)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the UK Health Research Authority Proportionate Review Sub-committee of the London - Surrey Research Ethics Committee (24/PR/0820). This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research involving Human Participants. Written, informed consent was sought from all participants prior to the participation of the study. Participants were provided an opportunity to ask questions prior to providing consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
