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Authors
Karapanos, Ioannis
Greco, Elena
Fisher, Jane
Hindes, Iona
Fisher, Sarah
Begum, Yesmin
Miele, Maddalena
Dooley, Jemima
Jovanović, Nikolina
Iliodromiti, Stamatina
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Declarations
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: All study procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Social Care Research Ethics Committee on 12th of April 2023 (Reference: 23/IEC08/0010, IRAS ID: 310337). Study progress, adherence to the protocol and overall safeguarding of participants was overseen by a Steering Committee, comprising fetal medicine specialists, perinatal psychiatrists, obstetricians and midwives specialising in mental health, psychologists and a public contributor with lived experience. All participants provided informed consent prior to their interviews.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
