Panelli, Danielle M.
Bianco, Katherine
L.Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl
Oken, Emily
Hivert, Marie-France
Hernandez-Castro, Ixel
Shaw, Gary M.
Cardenas, Andres
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1K23HD113845)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD034568)
Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health (UH3OD023286)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES031259)
Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The original Project Viva study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines, and all participants provided written informed consent. The Stanford University Institutional Review Board deemed the present study IRB exempt, due to it being a secondary deidentified data analysis of the Project Viva cohort.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.