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Authors
Özer, Esra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-6482
Guvenc, Gulten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8330-9497
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Non-Interventional Ethics Committee of Ankara Medipol University (decision no: E-85859696-604.01.01-5763, Number: 142). Pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study were included. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The consent form provided information to the pregnant women about the purpose of the study. All personal information will be kept confidential. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Human Rights. The study was conducted in accordance with the rules of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. No identifying images or personal clinical information of participants are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
