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Authors
Liu, Jiaojiao
He, Ting
Wang, Ziye
Sun, Lingjun
Ji, Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Yangtze River Delta Health Research Fund Project (2023CSJ-2-A001)
Project of Modern Hospital Management and Development Institute, Nanjing University (NDYG2022049)
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol received approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (grant no. 2020-233-02) and this ethics committee belongs to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. This study has been retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (registration no. ChiCTR2300074444, registration date: 2023/08/07). The trial rigorously followed ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki to ensure comprehensive protection of participants’ safety, rights, and confidentiality throughout the entire study duration.All participants provided written, informed consent. Prior to the commencement of the study, the participants were clearly informed of the research purpose and were assured that all collected data would be used solely for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
