Tam, Michelle W.
Berzansky, Isa
Chakraborty, Payal
Reynolds, Colleen A.
Soled, Kodiak R. S.
McKetta, Sarah
Veldhuis, Cindy
Koenen, Karestan
Charlton, Brittany M.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MFE-194000)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD015256)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD015256)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R00HD114852)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL098048)
National Cancer Institute (T32CA009001)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R00AA031316)
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R00AA028049)
Broad Trauma Initiative
Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the institutional review board of Boston Children’s Hospital (IRB-P00016650). As the present secondary data analysis used fully de-identified data, informed consent was not required. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.