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Authors
Guo, Ling
Song, Yan
Zhang, Yumei
Sun, Qian
Liu, Wei
Liang, Yanan
Gao, Fengchun
Guo, Yaqiu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2025M782118)
Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation (SDZZ-ZR-202501039)
Jinan Science and Technology Plan (202328019)
the Women and Children Health Care Association of Shandong (SFYXH-2023Y027)
the Jinan Municipal Health Commission (2025308027)
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Article History
Received: 5 November 2025
Accepted: 25 February 2026
First Online: 4 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Jinan, China on 1 September 2023 (approval No. 2023–1-038). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
