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Authors
Ouyang, Gege
Xiao, Huiying
Li, Ning
Niu, Yue
Fang, Yuan
Zou, Jialin
Zhao, Dingying
Wei, Daimin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2703502)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82495194)
Clinical Research Center of Shandong University (2020SDUCRCC003)
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Women, Children and Reproductive Health, Shandong University (Ethics Approval Number: [2025] Lun Shen Zi No. (165)). All procedures were performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. As this study was a retrospective analysis of de-identified clinical data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
