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Authors
de Klerk, Nadine D
de Vries, Ivar R
Dieleman, Jeanne P
Fransen, Annemarie F
Oei, S Guid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ZonMw (10070022010001)
ZonMw (10070022010001)
ZonMw (10070022010001)
ZonMw (10070022010001)
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study is part of a large study (NIEM-O study, NCT06151613, ), which was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (METC) of Máxima MC (NL82869.015.22) on 1 November 2023, with initial participant enrollment on 22 November 2023. The METC waived the requirement for informed consent for the retrospective cohort, based on the study’s scale and a proportionality assessment of research burden relative to patient burden, in accordance with GDPR act. All research procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: SO is a scientific advisor for Nemo Healthcare. The other authors do not have any personal, commercial or financial conflicts of interest to report in relation to this manuscript.
