Chanda, Sanjoy Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-5511
Halim, Sk. Faijan Bin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-4588
Rani, Ety https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4106-2377
Nandi, Ashim Kumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-6238
Hossain, Meherab https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9619-0704
Rahut, Antora
Rahman, Md. Ashfikur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-8557
Article History
Received: 4 November 2024
Accepted: 22 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study utilized publicly accessible data obtained from the DHS program. The initial BDHS 2017–18 protocol received approval from the ICF Institutional Review Board and the Bangladesh Medical Research Council. Since this is a secondary examination of publicly accessible data, there was no need for any further ethical approval. Nevertheless, we acquired authorization to utilize the dataset from the DHS program.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.