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Article History

Received: 29 October 2024

Accepted: 23 March 2026

First Online: 16 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by Cleveland Clinic’s IRB on April 23, 2021, with subsequent amendments to expand the study. Eligible birthing parents were invited to complete an electronic survey about their breastfeeding experience. Consent was obtained via an opt-out process through participants’ primary obstetricians. Participants were contacted to discuss the study. Interested patients then opted in and provided informed consent via DocuSign® and were sent a link to an anonymous REDCap survey. All data were stored securely in REDCap. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Anika Kumar, MD receives royalties from Wolters Kluwer for serving as an Editor for the Book, “Pediatric Hospital Medicine: A High-Value Approach” that discusses breastfeeding of newborn infants. Heidi Szugye, DO and Suet Kam Lam, MD Are members of the Institute for the Advancement of Breastfeeding and Lactation Education (IABLE), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), the Ohio Lactation Consultant Association (OLCA), and the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM). They have given paid educational talks for IABLE, OLCA, and iLactation. The remaining authors report no potential conflicts of interest.