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Authors
Derseh, Behailu
Dadi, Abel
Phan, Hoang
Unger, Holger W
Brown, Kiarna
Belay, Demeke Mesfin
Guthridge, Steven
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Charles Darwin University
Menzies School of Health Research
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Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 25 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study received ethics approval from the NT Department of Health and Menzies Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC-2024-4852) and Charles Darwin University HREC (H24069). It adheres to NHMRC guidelines for ethical research involving Aboriginal women. This article adheres to the Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects, as declared in Helsinki. The First Nation Advisory Group reviewed the project’s relevance for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth. Data confidentiality was maintained in accordance with a Data Security Declaration. This study used large, de-identified administrative datasets with strict controls to prevent re-identification. Because individual consent was not feasible for this large-scale study, the NT Department of Health, the Menzies Human Research Ethics Committee, and Charles Darwin University (HREC-2024-4852) waived the consent requirement.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
