Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 February 2026

Accepted: 24 March 2026

First Online: 31 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Committee of the Kinshasa School of Public Health (ref. ESP/CE/192/2024). Authorization to conduct the research was granted by the administrative committees of the four health facilities. Participation was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participating women. Participants were fully informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point. Information about participants’ names was not collected. The whole research process was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki declaration. Confidentiality was ensured during the research process. Also, skilled birth attendants and other healthcare providers were not involved in the data collection and did not have access to the dataset.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.