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Authors
Wang, Weilin
Su, Xiujuan
Zhang, Xinjuan
Shu, Qun
Duan, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2704700)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 27 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Science and Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (KS20281). Informed consent was waived as only anonymized retrospective data with minimal risk were analyzed. All data were fully anonymized prior to analysis by removing all direct identifiers and replaced indirect identifiers.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
