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Authors
Suetsugu, Yoshiko
Michikawa, Takehiro
Morokuma, Seiichi
Hamada, Norio
Kikuchi, Kimiyo
Ikeda, Subaru
Shimada, Yukiyo
Kato, Kiyoko
Ochiai, Masayuki
Tsuji, Mayumi
Shimono, Masayuki
Yoshino, Kiyoshi
Suga, Reiko
Kawamoto, Toshihiro
Ohga, Shoichi
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Kamijima, Michihiro
Yamazaki, Shin
Ohya, Yukihiro
Kishi, Reiko
Yaegashi, Nobuo
Hashimoto, Koichi
Mori, Chisato
Ito, Shuichi
Yamagata, Zentaro
Inadera, Hidekuni
Nakayama, Takeo
Sobue, Tomotaka
Shima, Masayuki
Kageyama, Seiji
Suganuma, Narufumi
Katoh, Takahiko
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Environmental Studies
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Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 21 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
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: The JECS protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ministry of the Environment’s Institutional Review Board on Epidemiological Studies (No. 100910001) and the Ethics Committees of all participating institutions. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research issued by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
