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Authors
Chu, Meng-Hsuan
Ho, Chung-Han
Chen, Yi-Chen
Tsai, Yung-Chieh
Kuo, Tian-Ni
Shyu, Ing-Luen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chi Mei Medical Center (CMFHR113033)
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Article History
Received: 21 January 2026
Accepted: 29 April 2026
First Online: 2 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chi Mei Medical Center (IRB No. 11309-010). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the IRB because the study utilized de-identified administrative data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), ensuring the protection of participants’ privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
