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Authors
Ghimire, Sailaja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0879-2554
Khatri, Bishal Dahal
Patel, Jot Narayan
Bhattarai, Sadikshya
Khanal, Leela
Shrestha, Swechhya
Bhandari, Rabindra
Ghimire, Namita
Gyanwali, Pradeep
Subedi, Madhusudan
Dhimal, Meghnath
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
UNICEF Nepal
UNICEF, Nepal
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 17 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical standards were strictly maintained throughout the study. Ethical approval was obtained from the independent Ethical Review Board of the Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal (Reg. No. 229/2022 P). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants after clearly explaining the study purpose, procedures, potential risks, and the voluntary nature of participation. To protect confidentiality, all data were anonymized using pseudonyms and unique identifiers. Audio recordings, transcripts, and field notes were stored in encrypted digital files accessible only to the research team, while physical documents were kept in locked cabinets in restricted-access areas. These measures ensured participant privacy, data security, and the overall ethical integrity of the research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
